Almagest Book X: Venus’ Epoch Position

Now that we’ve worked out the mean speed of Venus about the epicycle, we can now determine where it was on the epoch date.

Ptolemy again uses the observation from Timocharis. He gives the time between the epoch date and that observation as a period of 475 Egyptian years, 34634 days.

Looking up the appropriate intervals in the mean motion table for Venus in the anomaly column, I find an increase of 180;59º which Ptolemy rounds to 181º.

At the time of the observation from Timocharis, we determined Venus to be at a position of 252;07º past apogee. Thus, if we subtract 181º from this, we find that Venus was at 71;07º at the time of epoch.

Meanwhile, Ptolemy reminds us that the mean position is, based on our model, the same as that of the sun, or 0;45º in Pisces at the epoch time.

Additionally, the apogee would have moved at the same rate as the precession of the equinoxes (1º per 100 years) which means, in that interval of time, it would have increased 434º and thus had a position, at epoch, of about 16;10º into Taurus.